Status and Factors Influencing Access of Extension and Advisory Services on Forage Production in Kenya
Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology,
Page 99-113
DOI:
10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i330550
Abstract
This study assessed the status and factors influencing access of extension and advisory services (EAS) for forage production among smallholder dairy farmers in Kenya. Using a multistage stratified random sampling, data were collected from 316 and 313 farmers in Kangundo sub-County and Kirinyaga Counties of Kenya, respectively. The intensity of dairy farming formed the basis of selection of the study areas. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression model. Results indicated that, overall the proportion of farmers who accessed EAS on forage production in Kirinyaga (26.4%) was double that of Kangundo (13.6%). Government was the main provider of EAS on forage production and accounted for between 73 to 90% of services in Kangundo and 54 to 81% in Kirinyaga. The main channels for accessing EAS in both sites were trainings (29 - 31%) and field days (22 - 30%). Overall, majority of farmers (71 - 73%) were satisfied with the information and services they received on forage production. The empirical estimates of logistic regression revealed that the probability of access to EAS increased with access to credit, membership to farmer groups and importance of livestock on household’s food security. We recommend that the governments use innovative extension approaches and strengthen formation of farmer groups/organizations in order to improve access of EAS by smallholder dairy farmers for enhanced forage production.
Keywords:
- Binary logistic regression
- dairy farmers
- extension channels
- EAS satisfaction
How to Cite
Gatheru, M., Njarui, D. M. G., Gichangi, E. M., Ndubi, J. M., Murage, A. W., & Gichangi, A. W. (2021). Status and Factors Influencing Access of Extension and Advisory Services on Forage Production in Kenya. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology, 39(3), 99-113. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i330550
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Available:https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2018.1538589
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Available:https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v10y2018i2p555- bd132793.html
Ivan S Adolwa, Peter F Okoth, Richard M Mulwa, Anthony O Esilaba, Franklin S, et al: Analysis of Communication and Dissemination Channels Influencing the Adoption of Integrated Soil Fertility Management in Western Kenya, The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 2012;18(1):71-86.
DOI: 10.1080/1389224X.2012.638782
Kigiri A, Nderitu S. Assessment of extension and advisory methods and approaches to reach rural women: Examples from Kenya: African Center for Technology Studies, Nairobi; 2014. Available: https://meas.illinois.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/MEAS-EVAL-2014-EAS-Reaching-Rural-Women-Report-Kenya-Kingiri-Nderitu-July-2014.pdf
Elias A, Nohmi M, Yasunobu K, Ishida A. Farmers’ satisfaction with agricultural extension service and its influencing factors: A case study in North West Ethiopia,Journal of. Agricultural. Science and Technology.2015;17:39-53.
Available:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289129841_Farmers'_Satisfactionwith_Agricultural_Extension_Service_and_Its_Influencing_Factors_A_Case_Study_inNorth_West_Ethiopia
Muigai J.K., Gathungu, G.K. and Thogori, M. Socio-economic Factors affecting uptake of banana value addition among smallholders in Chuka Sub-county, Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology.2021;39(1):22-34.
Omollo EO, Wasonga OV, Elhad MY, Mnene WN. Determinants of pastoral and agro-pastoral households’ participation in fodder production in Makueni and Kajiado Counties, Kenya. Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice.2018;8(9).
Available: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13570-018-0113-9
Available:http://www.fao.org/3/i1444e/i1444e.pdf
MoALF (Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries). Guidelines and standards for agricultural extension & advisory services. Ministry of agriculture, livestock and fisheries (MoALF), Nairobi, Kenya; 2017.
Mbo’o-Tchouawou M, Colverson, K. Increasing access to agricultural extension and advisory services: How effective are new approaches in reaching women farmers in rural areas? Nairobi, Kenya: International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI); 2014.
Available:https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/35495/PR_extension%20services.pdf?sequence=5
MoALF (Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries).Climate risk profile for Machakos County. Kenya county climate risk profile series. The ministry of agriculture, livestock and fisheries (MoALF), Nairobi; 2017.
ROK (Republic of Kenya). Strategy to revitalize agriculture. Ministry of agriculture. Nairobi; 2004.
Muyanga M, Jayne TS. Agricultural Extension In Kenya: practice and policy lessons. Tegemeo Working paper no. 26. Tegemeo Institute of Agricultural Policy and Development, Egerton University, Nairobi; 2006.
Rivera WM, Qamar MK. Agricultural extension, rural development and the food security challenge. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome; 2003.
Available: http://www.fao.org/3/a-y5061e.pdf
Birkhaeuser D, Evenson RE, Feder G. The economic impact of agricultural extension: a review. Economic Development and Cultural Change. 1991;39(3):607-650.
DOI: 10.1086/451893
Mattee AZ. Reforming Tanzania’s agricultural extension system: The challenges ahead. African Study Monographs.1994;15(4):177–188.
Feder G, Murgai R, Quizon, J. Sending farmers back to school: the impact of farmer field schools in Indonesia.Review of Agricultural Economics. 2003;26(1):1-18.
GOK (Government of Kenya). National agricultural sector extension policy (NASEP). Nairobi, 2012;56.
Available:https://www.kenyamarkets.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/National-Agricultural-Sector-Extension-2012.pdf
IFPRI/FAO/IICA (International Food Policy Research Institute/Food and Agriculture Organization/Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture). Worldwide Extension Study; 2011.
Available: https://www.g-fras.org/es/world-wide-extension-study/africa/eastern-africa/kenya.html
Jaetzold R, Schmidt H, Hornet ZB, Shisanya CA. Farm management handbook of Kenya. Natural conditions and farm information. (2nd Edition). Vol.11/ C. Eastern Province. Ministry of Agriculture/GTZ, Nairobi; 2007.
Simpson JR, Okalebo JR, Lubulwa G. The problem of maintaining soil fertility in Eastern Kenya: a review of relevant research. ACIAR Monograph no. 41. Canberra: Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research; 1996.
Jaetzold R, Schmidt H, Hornet ZB, Shisanya CA. Farm management handbook of Kenya. Natural conditions and farm information. (2nd Edition). Vol.11/ B. Subpart B2. Central Province. Ministry of Agriculture/GTZ, Nairobi; 2007.
Njonge FK. Challenges faced by smallholder dairy farmers in Kirinyaga County, Kenya. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science. 2017;10(8):71-75.
Available: http://iosrjournals.org/iosr-javs/papers/Vol10-issue8/Version-1/N1008017175.pdf
Beshir H, Emana B, Kassa B, Haji J. Determinants of chemical fertilizer technology adoption in North eastern highlands of Ethiopia: the double hurdle approach. Journal of Research in Economic International Finance. 2012;1(2):39-49.
IBMC (International Business Machines Corporation).IBM SPSS Statistics Version 20.0; 2011.
Makhoha S, Kimani S, Mwangi W, Verkuijl H, Musembi F. Determinants of fertilizer and manure use in maize production in Kiambu District, Kenya. Mexico, D.F.: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) and Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI); 2001.
Njarui DMG, Gatheru M, Wambua JM, Nguluu SN, Mwangi DM, Keya GA. Feeding management for dairy cattle in smallholder farming systems of semi-arid tropical Kenya. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 2011;Volume 23, Article #111.
Available:http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd23/5/njar23111.htm
Muriuki HG. Milk and Dairy Products, Post-harvest Losses and Food Safety in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Near East:A Review of the Small Scale Dairy Sector – Kenya, 2003.
Available:http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/ags/docs/dairy/P1assessmentkenya.pdf
Rees D, Momanyi M, Wekundah J, Ndungu F, Odondi J, Oyure AO, et al. Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems in Kenya – Implications for Technology Dissemination And Development. Agricultural Research and Extension Network Paper 107, 2014.
Available:https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi- assets/publications-opinion- files/5120.pdf
Ochienno JT. Influence of communication on Adoption of Agricultural Innovation: A Case of the System of Rice Intensification in Mwea Irrigation Scheme. A Research Project Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Master of Arts (M.A.) in Communication Studies, School of Journalism, the University of Nairobi, Kenya; 2014.
Available:http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/76974
Ernest BA, Joseph AA, Gideon DA. Determinants of fertilizer adoption among smallholder cocoa farmers in the Western Region of Ghana. Cogent Food & Agriculture. 2018; 4:1538589.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2018.1538589
Melusi S, Njabulo LN, Brian M. "Farmers’ Perceptions and Factors Influencing the Adoption of No-Till Conservation Agriculture by Small-Scale Farmers in ashuke, KwaZulu-Natal Province”. Sustainability. 2018;10(2):1-16,
Available:https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v10y2018i2p555- bd132793.html
Ivan S Adolwa, Peter F Okoth, Richard M Mulwa, Anthony O Esilaba, Franklin S, et al: Analysis of Communication and Dissemination Channels Influencing the Adoption of Integrated Soil Fertility Management in Western Kenya, The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 2012;18(1):71-86.
DOI: 10.1080/1389224X.2012.638782
Kigiri A, Nderitu S. Assessment of extension and advisory methods and approaches to reach rural women: Examples from Kenya: African Center for Technology Studies, Nairobi; 2014. Available: https://meas.illinois.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/MEAS-EVAL-2014-EAS-Reaching-Rural-Women-Report-Kenya-Kingiri-Nderitu-July-2014.pdf
Elias A, Nohmi M, Yasunobu K, Ishida A. Farmers’ satisfaction with agricultural extension service and its influencing factors: A case study in North West Ethiopia,Journal of. Agricultural. Science and Technology.2015;17:39-53.
Available:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289129841_Farmers'_Satisfactionwith_Agricultural_Extension_Service_and_Its_Influencing_Factors_A_Case_Study_inNorth_West_Ethiopia
Muigai J.K., Gathungu, G.K. and Thogori, M. Socio-economic Factors affecting uptake of banana value addition among smallholders in Chuka Sub-county, Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology.2021;39(1):22-34.
Omollo EO, Wasonga OV, Elhad MY, Mnene WN. Determinants of pastoral and agro-pastoral households’ participation in fodder production in Makueni and Kajiado Counties, Kenya. Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice.2018;8(9).
Available: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13570-018-0113-9
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