Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology

Analysis of Consumer Preferences on Purchasing Decisions and Satisfaction toward Local Coffee in West Lombok Regency

Dyta Maelina Putri Wardoyo — 2026-08-31

Aims: This Study Aimed To: (1) identify consumer preferences towards local coffee in West Lombok Regency; (2) analyse the influence of consumer preferences on purchasing decisions for local coffee in West Lombok Regency; and (3) analyse consumer satisfaction with local coffee purchases using the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA).

Study Design: This study employed a quantitative research design with descriptive and causal approaches.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at five local small and medium-sized coffee enterprises (SMEs) in West Lombok Regency from April to June 2026.

Methodology: The study involved 100 respondents, with the sample size determined using the Lemeshow method and respondents selected through purposive sampling. Respondents were at least 17 years old and had experience purchasing or consuming local coffee from the selected SMEs. Data were collected through questionnaires administered directly to respondents. Data analysis included consumer preference analysis, binary logistic regression, Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI), and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA).

Results: The taste-and-aroma attribute was the most important consumer preference attribute, with a mean score of 3.19, followed by the brand-and-availability attribute (3.17), while price and promotion had the lowest and equal mean scores (3.09). Binary logistic regression showed that the price and brand-and-availability attributes had positive and significant effects on local coffee purchasing decisions, with brand and availability having the largest odds ratio (Exp(B) = 27.890). The taste-and-aroma and promotion attributes did not have significant partial effects. The CSI result indicated an overall consumer satisfaction level of 61.79%, categorised as satisfied. The IPA results showed that taste and aroma and brand and availability were located in Quadrant I, indicating the main priorities for improvement, while price and promotion were located in Quadrant IV, indicating attributes considered excessive.

Conclusion: Consumers place greater importance on taste and aroma as well as brand and availability when purchasing local coffee. Although overall consumer satisfaction was categorised as satisfied, improvements should prioritise taste and aroma and brand and availability. The price and brand-and-availability attributes were also significant determinants of purchasing decisions, indicating that product quality, availability, and appropriate pricing are important considerations for local coffee businesses in West Lombok Regency.

What Drives Institutional Arrangement Choice: Transaction Cost Barriers, Structural and Governance Exclusion among Smallholder Potato Farmers in Kenya

Kelvin Mungai Mworia — 2026-08-31

In Elgeyo Marakwet County, Kenya's third-most potato-producing region, over 84% of smallholder transactions flow through broker intermediaries, not because farmers prefer this arrangement, but because institutional barriers systematically exclude them from higher-value governance structures. However, empirical studies on smallholder market participation across sub-Saharan Africa have two persistent limitations: most treat participation as binary, obscuring substantial heterogeneity across arrangement types, and almost none correct for the endogeneity of arrangement choice, because the transaction costs a farmer faces are themselves shaped by the arrangements in which they participate, rendering standard regression estimates directionally misleading. This study addresses the following research question: What institutional, socioeconomic, and structural factors determine smallholder potato farmers' participation in different clusters of institutional arrangements, after accounting for the endogeneity inherent in the choice of arrangements? Using cross-sectional data from 577 smallholder potato farmers sampled via multi-stage systematic random sampling, we apply a control-function multinomial logit (CF-MNL) model, instrumenting four endogenous transaction-cost and enforcement variables to address the simultaneity between observed transaction costs and arrangement choice, with ward-level historical contract prevalence and community-institution indices serving as instruments. First-stage F-statistics confirm instrument relevance and strength: transport costs (F = 167.30), information search costs (F = 17.08), negotiation costs (F = 10.55), and informal sanctions (F = 18.48). Endogeneity tests confirm severe bias in uncorrected estimates (χ² = 51.99 to 1,303.24, p < 0.001), and model fit improves from Pseudo-R² = 0.160 to 0.183 following correction (LR χ² = 27.54, p < 0.001). After correction, access to extension services emerges as a consistent positive determinant of higher-value arrangements. Farm size serves as a volume threshold, confining small-farm households to low-intensity broker arrangements regardless of motivation. Gender effects are large, persistent, and unexplained by observable endowments, consistent with the presence of gender-related barriers to institutional access that operate beyond the measured characteristics and that generic market development programmes may not adequately address. These findings are consistent with the interpretation that participation is not a matter of farmer preference but of institutional access. Drawing on comparative evidence from SSA countries, the study identifies extension reorientation, aggregation infrastructure, and gender-responsive instruments as the most actionable policy responses.

Governance Conditions and Local Barriers to Artificial Intelligence in Agricultural Extension and Rural Public Services in Yongding District, China

Han Su — 2026-09-03

Aims: This study examines how grassroots and local actors perceive AI-enabled agricultural extension and rural public services in Yongding District, Longyan City, Fujian Province, China, with particular attention to perceived opportunities, implementation barriers, and governance conditions.

Study Design: A qualitative case-study design was used, incorporating thematic analysis with descriptive frequency coding.

Place and Duration of Study: The primary study area was Yongding District, Longyan City, Fujian Province, China. Interview materials were collected between December 2025 and March 2026.

Methodology: The analysis included 30 anonymised interviews, comprising 25 Yongding-focused core interviews and 5 contextual reference interviews from other Chinese localities. A multi-label thematic coding procedure was used to identify recurring themes related to AI use, agricultural extension, rural public services, and grassroots governance. Theme frequencies were calculated descriptively and were not used for statistical inference.

Results: Policy diffusion, feedback channels, and institutional support formed the most frequent theme, appearing in 25 of 30 interviews (83.3%). Efficiency and administrative workload reduction appeared in 21 interviews (70.0%), followed by digital literacy, training, and human-capacity gaps in 15 interviews (50.0%), data security, privacy, ethics, and accountability risks in 14 interviews (46.7%), and local fit and practical implementation barriers in 13 interviews (43.3%). Agricultural extension and production support appeared in 8 interviews (26.7%). Participants generally viewed AI as useful for document preparation, information retrieval, data handling, agricultural advice, and routine service support, while emphasising constraints related to policy communication, training, cost, infrastructure, privacy, accountability, and local adaptation.

Conclusion: AI-enabled agricultural extension in Yongding District should be understood as a local governance and implementation challenge rather than solely as a technical issue. Effective adoption requires locally appropriate applications supported by training, feedback mechanisms, infrastructure, responsible data governance, and clear accountability arrangements.

Evaluating Competitive Dynamics: A Comprehensive Analysis of Namibia's Livestock Trade Performance (2003-2022)

Martin Angula — 2026-09-05

This study evaluates the trade competitiveness of Namibia’s livestock sector from 2003 to 2022 within the context of global market integration and regional trade liberalisation. Time-series trade data from the International Trade Centre were analysed using Revealed Comparative Advantage and Relative Trade Advantage indices for cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, poultry, and dairy products. The results show mixed competitiveness across livestock value chains. Live animal exports, particularly goats, sheep, and cattle weaners, demonstrate strong and sustained competitiveness, although this pattern indicates continued reliance on primary exports and limited domestic value addition. Beef and mutton products remain competitive in selected categories, but their performance varies over time and is sensitive to drought, veterinary restrictions, and market interventions. Pork, poultry, and dairy products remain generally uncompetitive, reflecting continued dependence on imports and limited competitiveness in domestic and export markets. Overall, Namibia’s strongest trade advantages are concentrated in live animals and selected meat products, whereas processed products and dairy exhibit weaker performance. The combined use of export- and import-based competitiveness measures provides a sector-wide assessment of long-term trade performance. The findings indicate the importance of strengthening value addition, improving sector resilience, reassessing market-support measures, and diversifying export destinations while maintaining the livestock sector’s established competitive strengths.

Economic Performance and Production Constraints of Layer Farming in Sylhet District, Bangladesh

Modhumita Bhattachirjee Pia — 2026-09-07

Layer farming is an important component of Bangladesh’s poultry sector, contributing to farm income, employment, and the supply of animal protein. However, profitability, resource-use efficiency, and production constraints remain important concerns. This study assessed profitability, factors affecting gross returns, resource-use efficiency, and the major constraints of layer farming in Sylhet District, Bangladesh. A total of 60-layer farms was selected from six villages in two upazilas of Sylhet District using simple random sampling. Primary data were collected through face-to-face interviews from July to September 2025 using a semi-structured interview schedule. Tabular and descriptive analyses were used to assess costs, returns, and profitability. A Cobb-Douglas production function was estimated to examine the relationship between input expenditures and gross returns. Resource-use efficiency was assessed using the marginal value product (MVP) to marginal factor cost (MFC) ratio, while constraints were assessed using a Constraint Facing Index (CFI). Layer farming was economically profitable, with an average gross return of Tk. 2,214,060, a net return of Tk. 478,045, and a benefit-cost ratio of 1.27 per batch per 1,000 birds. The Cobb-Douglas model explained 80% of the variation in gross returns (adjusted R² = 0.80) and indicated decreasing returns to scale (0.952). Veterinary and electricity expenditures had positive and statistically significant effects on gross returns, whereas pullet, feed, labor, and litter expenditures were not statistically significant. Feed, veterinary, and electricity expenditures were underutilized, while labor expenditure was overutilized. Disease outbreaks, lack of capital, and high pullet prices were the major constraints. Overall, layer farming was profitable, but improved resource allocation and management are needed. Strengthening disease prevention and veterinary services, improving access to capital, and addressing high pullet prices could enhance the profitability and sustainability of layer farming in the study area.

Fisherwomen’s Work Participation and Constraints in Kerala, India

V. U. Shamila — 2026-09-08

This paper examines the various constraints faced by fisherwomen in their participation in the workforce. These constraints include socio-cultural factors, economic barriers, and limited access to resources and training. Gender-based discrimination and traditional gender roles often restrict women’s involvement in certain types of work. The study was conducted in the Thiruvananthapuram and Malappuram districts of Kerala. The main objective was to examine the relationship between work status and health, skills, family attitudes, general awareness, scheme utilisation, family income, expenditure, and debt. Primary data were used for the study. The major statistical tools employed for data analysis were the Chi-square test and bar diagrams. The sample consisted of 398 fisherwomen, of whom 262 were unemployed and 136 were employed. Stratified random sampling was used for data collection. The analysis of the constraints affecting the work participation of fisherwomen reveals the interconnected nature of socio-cultural, economic, health-related, and institutional barriers. Traditional gender roles and societal expectations continue to limit women’s mobility and restrict their participation in economically productive activities. Approximately 80 per cent of the unemployed women had education only up to the seventh standard. Similarly, 90–91 per cent of their parents had education only up to the seventh standard. Low educational attainment among unemployed women and their parents restricts access to skilled employment, thereby reinforcing cycles of poverty and economic dependency.

Yield Gap Analysis in Rice under Cauvery Delta Zone of Tamil Nadu State of India

A. Sakunthalai — 2026-09-11

Rice productivity in salt-affected areas of the Cauvery Delta Zone can be constrained by varietal, biophysical and farm-management factors. This study assessed Yield Gap I and Yield Gap II for five salt-tolerant rice varieties (TRY1–TRY5) and identified major constraints and management practices associated with the observed gaps. The study was conducted in salt-affected areas of Tiruchirappalli, Thanjavur, Thiruvarur and Nagapattinam districts of Tamil Nadu. Five revenue villages were selected from each district, and 10 farmers were selected from each village, giving a total sample of 200 farmers. Primary data were collected using a pretested structured interview schedule, while additional information was obtained from state seed farms and private seed-distribution agencies. Yield-gap values were assessed using the yield benchmarks reported in the manuscript. TRY3 showed the lowest reported Yield Gap I and Yield Gap II among the five varieties, whereas TRY2 showed the highest reported gaps. The reported constraints comprised biophysical factors, crop-management limitations and socio-economic issues, including seed quality, planting time, irrigation, pests and diseases, soil condition, insurance, market access and extension support. The findings indicate that reducing yield gaps in the surveyed salt-affected rice systems requires coordinated attention to varietal choice, crop establishment, nutrient and water management, pest and weed management, soil-health practices, mechanisation, extension support and access to suitable seed.

A Study on Farmers’ Well-being under Different Farming Conditions in Karnataka, India

P. Naveen Kumar — 2026-09-11

This study assessed and compared the multidimensional well-being of farmers under irrigated and rainfed farming conditions in Karnataka. An ex-post facto research design was adopted in Davanagere and Chitradurga districts during 2023-24. A total of 180 farmers, comprising 90 from irrigated areas and 90 from rainfed areas, were selected through random sampling. Farmers’ well-being was examined across economic, social, family, health, housing, work, social participation, and financial-security dimensions using descriptive statistics, a t-test, and exploratory factor analysis. The overall mean well-being score was higher among irrigated farmers (190.93) than among rainfed farmers (180.98), and the difference was significant at the 1% level (t = 4.14). Exploratory factor analysis identified seven factors: Family and Social Well-being; Financial Security and Social Participation; Market and Irrigation Conditions; Physical Health and Work Conditions; Family Health and Happiness; Social Relationship and Decision-making; and Work Environment and Coping Strategies. Together, these factors explained 45.50% of the total variance. The findings indicate that irrigation access, income stability, family and social conditions, health, work environment, market-related conditions, and coping-related aspects are associated with farmers’ well-being. The study highlights the value of integrated support addressing irrigation, health insurance, education, social participation, extension services, and livelihood diversification for farmers under contrasting farming conditions in Karnataka.